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{{Infobox Settlement|official_name = Kansas City, Missouri|settlement_type = City, [Clay County, Missouri,
Platte County, Missouri, and
Cass County, Missouri Counties in the state of Missouri.]|subdivision_type1 =
Political divisions of the United States|subdivision_type2 =
List of counties in Missouri|subdivision_name =
United States|subdivision_name2 = [Jackson County, Missouri, Clay County, Missouri,
Platte County, Missouri,
Cass County, Missouri|government_type =|leader_title = Mayor of Kansas City, Missouri|leader_name =
Mark Funkhouser|established_date = [March 28,
1853|utc_offset = -6|timezone_DST = [North American Central Time Zone|utc_offset_DST = -5|latd = 39 |latm = 06 |lats = 35 |latNS = N|longd = 94 |longm = 35 |longs = 19 |longEW = W|elevation_m = 277|elevation_ft = 910|website = http://www.kcmo.org/|postal_code_type =|postal_code =|area_code =
Area code 816|blank_name =
Federal Information Processing Standard|blank_info = 29-38000|blank1_name = Geographic Names Information System feature ID|blank1_info = 0748198|footnotes =-->
Kansas City is the largest city in the U.S. state of
Missouri. It encompasses parts of
Jackson County, Missouri,
Clay County, Missouri,
Cass County, Missouri, and
Platte County, Missouri counties and is the anchor city of the
Kansas City Metropolitan Area, the second largest in Missouri, which includes counties in both Missouri and
Kansas. As of
2006, the city had an estimated population of 447,306, with a metro area of nearly two million.http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/metro_general/2006/CBSA-EST2006-01.csv Kansas City was founded in
1838 as the "Town of Kansas"http://www.kcmo.org/kcmo.nsf/web/kchistory?opendocument at the confluence of the
Missouri River and
Kansas River rivers and was incorporated in its present form in 1850. Situated opposite
Kansas City, Kansas, Kansas, the city was the location of several battles during the American Civil War, including the Battle of Westport. The city is well known for its contributions to the musical styles of jazz and blues as well as to
cuisine (Kansas City-style barbecue).
Abbreviations and nicknames
Kansas City, Missouri, is often abbreviated as "KCMO", or simply "KC" (both abbreviations often refer to the
Kansas City Metropolitan Area). It is officially nicknamed the
City of Fountains, with over 200 examples, the city claims to have second most in the world, just behind Rome. The city also has more boulevards than any city except
Paris and has often been called "Paris on the Great Plains." Informal nicknames include
BBQ Capital of the World, and residents are known as
Kansas Citians. It is sometimes referred to colloquially as the
Heart of America as it is near both the Geographic centers of the United States and
Mean center of U.S. population centers of the United States.
History
founder
Alexander Majors,Westport/Kansas City founder [John Calvin McCoy and Mountainman [Jim Bridger who owned Chouteau's Store next to Kelly's
Kansas City, Missouri was incorporated in
1850. The Kansas City Metropolitan Area straddling the border between Missouri and Kansas at the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri rivers was considered a good place to build settlements.
Exploration and settlement
The first documented European visit to Kansas City was
Étienne de Veniard, Sieur de Bourgmont, who was also the first European to explore the lower Missouri River. Criticized for his handling of a Native American attack of
Fort Detroit, he had deserted his post as commander of the fort and was avoiding the French authorities. Bourgmont lived with a Native American wife in the
Missouri (tribe) village about 90 miles east near Brunswick, Missouri, and illegally traded furs.
In order to clear his name, he wrote "Exact Description of Louisiana, of Its Harbors, Lands and Rivers, and Names of the Indian Tribes That Occupy It, and the Commerce and Advantages to Be Derived Therefrom for the Establishment of a Colony" in 1713 followed in 1714 by "The Route to Be Taken to Ascend the Missouri River." In the documents he describes the junction of the "Grande Riv des Cansez" and Missouri River, being the first to refer to them by those names. French cartographer Guillaume Delisle used the descriptions to make the first reasonably accurate map of the area.
The Spanish took over the region in the
Treaty of Paris (1763) but were not to play a major role in the area other than taxing and licensing all traffic on the Missouri River. The French continued their fur trade on the river under Spanish license. The
Chouteau family operated under the Spanish license at St. Louis, Missouri in the lower Missouri Valley as early as 1765, but it would be 1821 before the Chouteaus reached Kansas City, when François Chouteau established Chouteau's Landing.
After the
Louisiana Purchase,
Lewis and Clark visited the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri rivers, noting it was a good place to build a fort.
In 1833 John Calvin McCoy established Westport, Kansas City along the
Santa Fe Trail, three miles away from the river. Then in 1834, McCoy established Westport, Kansas City on a bend in the Missouri River to serve as a landing point for West Port. Soon after, the Kansas Town Company, a group of investors, began to settle the area, taking their name from an English spelling of "Cansez." In 1850 the landing area was incorporated as the Town of Kansas.
By that time, the Town of Kansas, Westport, and nearby
Independence, Missouri, had become critical points in America's
Territorial acquisitions of the United States. Three major Historical roads and trails of the United Statess -- the
Santa Fe Trail,
California Trail, and
Oregon Trail -- all originated in Jackson County, Missouri.
On February 22, 1853, the City of Kansas was created with a newly elected mayor. It had an area of 0.70 square miles and a population of 2,500. The boundary lines at that time extended from the middle of the Missouri River south to what is now Ninth Street, and from Bluff Street on the west to a point between Holmes Road and Charlotte Street on the east.
Civil War
The area was ripe with animosity as the
American Civil War approached. As citizens of a
slave state, Missourians tended to sympathize with the southern states. With Kansas petitioning to enter the
Union (American Civil War) under the new doctrine of
popular sovereignty, many from the area crossed into Kansas to sway the state towards allowing
slavery, at first by ballot box and then by bloodshed.
in Union StationDuring the Civil War, the City of Kansas was in the midst of battles, almost all of them victories by the Union. The First Battle of Independence in August 1862 stunted a Confederate States of America advance into northern Missouri (settled by pro-slavery Virginians), and the October 1864 Battle of Westport effectively ended Confederate efforts to occupy the city. However, a successful raid on nearby Lawrence, Kansas, led by
William Quantrill forced General
Thomas Ewing, Jr. to issue General Order No. 11 (1863), forcing the eviction of residents in four counties, including Jackson, except those living in the city and nearby communities and those whose allegiance to the Union was certified by Ewing.
Post-Civil War
After the Civil War, the City of Kansas grew rapidly. The selection of the city over
Leavenworth, Kansas, for the
Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad bridge over the Missouri River brought about significant growth. The population exploded after 1869, when the Hannibal Bridge, designed by
Octave Chanute, opened. The boom prompted a name change to Kansas City in 1889 and the city limits to extend south and east. Westport became part of Kansas City on
December 2, 1897.
Kansas City, guided by architect
George Kessler, became a forefront example of the
City Beautiful movement, developing a network of boulevards and parks around the city. The relocation of
Union Station (Kansas City) to its current location in 1914 and the opening of the Liberty Memorial in 1923 gave the city two of its most identifiable landmarks. Further spurring Kansas City's growth was the opening of the innovative
Country Club Plaza development by
Jesse Clyde Nichols in 1925 as part of his Country Club District plan.
Pendergast era
At the
turn of the century, political machines attempted to gain clout in the city, with the one led by
Tom Pendergast emerging as the dominant machine by 1925. A new city charter passed that year made it easier for his Democratic Party machine to gain control of the city council (slimmed from 32 members to nine) and appoint a corrupt city manager. Several important buildings and structures were built during this time, to assist with the great depression-- all led by Pendergast, including the
Kansas City City Hall and the Jackson County Courthouse-- both added new skyscrapers to the city's growing skyline. The machine fell in 1939 when Pendergast, riddled with health problems, pleaded guilty to
tax evasion. The machine, however, gave rise to
Harry S. Truman, who quickly became Kansas City's favorite son.
Post-World War II sprawl
After World War II, the city experienced considerable sprawl, as the affluent populace left for
suburbs like
Johnson County, Kansas, and eastern
Jackson County, Missouri. However, many also went north of the Missouri River, where Kansas City had incorporated areas between the 1940s to 1970s. The population of the urban core significantly dipped, while the city as a whole gained population.
The sprawl of the city mainly took shape after the "race riots" of the Civil Rights Movement in Kansas City. At this time, slums were also beginning to form in the inner city, and those who could afford to leave, left for the suburbs and outer edges of the city. The post-WWII idea of suburbs and the "American Dream" also contributed to the sprawl of the area. As the city continued to sprawl, the inner city also continued to decline.
In 1940, the city had about 400,000 residents; by 2000, the same area was home to only about 180,000. From 1940 to 1960, the city more than doubled its physical size, while increasing its population by only about 75,000. By 1970, the city had a total area of approximately 316 square miles, more than five times its size in 1940.
The future for sprawl in Kansas City is uncertain. Johnson County has continued to sprawl at a constant rate, and Clay County, Missouri, also has begun to sprawl once more. However recent revelations in urban planning have slowed sprawl and focused instead on the inner city, existing infrastructure and housing, as well as reviving the city's formerly blighted downtown. Uses of the
New Urbanism style of planning is now also occurring in some of the most prominent suburban projects.
Notable Kansas City residents/natives
- Burt Bacharach, pianist and composer
- Johnathan Coachman, WWE Wrestler/Former General Manager
- Chris Cooper (actor), Academy Award-winning American film actor
- David F. Duncan, health scientist and Presidential advisor
- Jean Harlow, American film actress and sex symbol of the 1930s
- Robert A. Heinlein, Science fiction writer (Many of Heinlein's stories take place in Kansas City (or its analogue) and in areas nearby)
- Clarence M. Kelley, F.B.I. Director
- John Kander, American composer of a series of musical theatre successes as part of the songwriting team of Kander and Ebb
- Pat Metheny, jazz guitarist and composer
- William Least Heat Moon, writer
- Albert Pujols, Major League Baseball player
- Eddie Timanus, First blind Jeopardy! contestant and sportswriter for USA Today
- Big Joe Turner, "The Boss of the Blues", noted jazz, blues, and rock n' roll singer
- Aaron Yates, rap and hip-hop artist, known by his pseudonym, Tech N9ne
Geography
According to the
United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 318.0 square mile (823.7
square kilometre). 313.5 mi² (812.1 km²) of it is land and 4.5 mi² (11.6 km²) of it (1.41%) is water.
Kansas City is often imagined to be flat like
Chicago, Manhattan or
Dallas, but in fact it has many rolling hills. Much of urban Kansas City sits atop 100-200ft bluffs overlooking the rivers and river bottoms areas. Kansas City proper is bowl-shaped and is surrounded to the north and south by limestone and
bedrock cliffs that were carved by
glaciers. Kansas City is situated at the junction between the
Dakota ice lobe and
Minnesota ice lobes during the maximum late Independence glaciation of the
Pleistocene Geologic time scale. The Kansas and Missouri rivers cut wide valleys into the terrain when the glaciers melted and drained. A partially filled spillway valley crosses the central portion of Kansas City, Missouri. This valley is an eastward continuation of Turkey Creek valley.
Union Station (Kansas City) is located in this valley.
The city's
tap water was recently rated the cleanest among the 50 largest cities in the United States, containing no detectable impurities.
Climate
Kansas City lies near the geographic center of the contiguous United States, at the confluence of the second largest river in the country, the Missouri River, and the Kansas River (also known as the Kaw River). This makes for a humid continental climate (Koppen climate classification
Dfa) with moderate precipitation and extremes of hot and cold. Summers can be very humid, with moist air riding up from the
Gulf of Mexico, and during July and August daytime highs can reach into the triple digits. Winters vary from mild days to bitterly cold, with lows reaching into the teens below zero a few times a year. Spring and autumn are pleasant and peppered with thunderstorms.
{| class="wikitable" width=100%! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080" height="17" | Month! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Jan! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Feb! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Mar! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Apr! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | May! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Jun! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Jul! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Aug! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Sep! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Oct! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Nov! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Dec! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Year|-! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Avg high °F
(°C)| style="background: #9999CC; color: black;" | 38
(3)| style="background: #99FF33; color: black;" | 44
(7)| style="background: #339933; color: black;" | 56
(13)| style="background: #FFDD00; color: black;" | 67
(19)| style="background: #FF8800; color: black;" | 76
(24)| style="background: #FF0000; color: black;" | 86
(30)| style="background: #AE1D1D; color: black;" | 90
(32)| style="background: #FF0000; color: black;" | 89
(32)| style="background: #FF0000; color: black;" | 80
(27)| style="background: #FFDD00; color: black;" | 69
(21)| style="background: #339933; color: black;" | 53
(12)| style="background: #99FF33; color: black;" | 42
(6)| style="background: #FFDD00; color: black;" | 66
(19)|-! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" height="16;" | Avg low °F
(°C)| style="background: #6633CC; color: black;" | 21
(-6)| style="background: #6633CC; color: black;" | 26
(-3)| style="background: #9999CC; color: black;" | 36
(2)| style="background: #99FF33; color: black;" | 46
(8)| style="background: #339933; color: black;" | 57
(14)| style="background: #FFDD00; color: black;" | 67
(19)| style="background: #FF8800; color: black;" | 72
(22)| style="background: #FF8800; color: black;" | 70
(21)| style="background: #FFDD00; color: black;" | 61
(16)| style="background: #99FF33; color: black;" | 49
(9)| style="background: #9999CC; color: black;" | 36
(2)| style="background: #6633CC; color: black;" | 25
(-4)| style="background: #99FF33; color: black;" | 47
(8)|-! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Rainfall in inches
(millimeters)| style="background: #66CCFF;" | 1.13
(28.7)| style="background: #66CCFF;" | 1.02
(25.9)| style="background: #2288BB;" | 2.38
(60.5)| style="background: #2266AA;" | 3.27
(83.1)| style="background: #194470;" | 4.55
(115.6)| style="background: #194470;" | 4.73
(120.1)| style="background: #2266AA;" | 3.61
(91.7)| style="background: #2266AA;" | 3.62
(91.9)| style="background: #194470;" | 4.17
(105.9)| style="background: #2266AA;" | 3.28
(83.3)| style="background: #2288BB;" | 2.30
(58.4)| style="background: #66CCFF;" | 1.45
(36.8)| style="background: #44AADD;" | 35.51
(902)|}
Weather
Kansas City is situated in "Tornado Alley," a broad region where cold air from the Rocky Mountains and Canada collides with warm air from the Gulf of Mexico, leading to the formation of powerful storms. Kansas City has had many severe outbreaks of
tornados, including the
Kansas City Tornado Outbreak of May 1957, Kansas City Tornado Almanac, wdaftv4.com. Accessed Sept. 2006. and the May 2003 Tornado Outbreak Sequence, as well as other severe weather, most notably the Kansas City derecho in 1982. The region is also prone to Winter storm#Freezing rain and ice stormss, such as the 2002 Central Plains Ice Storm during which hundreds of thousands lost power for days and (in some cases) weeks. KC powerless as icy barrage pummels the area, leaves behind disaster zone, Accessed
10 September 2006. Kansas City and its outlying areas are also subject to flooding, including the Great Flood of 1993 and the
Great Flood of 1951.
Cityscape
on the Country Club Plaza at Night
Kansas City, Missouri, is organized into a system of more than 150
neighborhoods, some with histories as independent cities or the sites of major events.
Downtown, the center of the city, is currently undergoing major redevelopment. The urban core of the city has a variety of List of neighborhoods in Kansas City, Missouri, including historical Westport, Kansas City, the Crossroads Arts District, 18th and Vine Historic District, Pendleton Heights, Quality Hill, the
West Bottoms and the
River Market.
(shaded in red). Downtown Kansas City itself is established by city
Local ordinance to stretch from the Missouri River south to 31st Street (beyond the bottom of this map), and from I-35 to Bruce R. WatkinsOther areas near Downtown Kansas City include:
The
39th Street District is known as Restaurant Row and features one of Kansas City's largest selections of independently owned restaurants and boutique shops. It is a center of literary and visual arts and bohemian culture.
Crown Center is the headquarters of
Hallmark Cards and a major downtown shopping and entertainment complex. It is connected to Union Station by a series of covered walkways.
The Country Club Plaza, or simply "the Plaza," is an upscale, outdoor shopping and entertainment district. It was the first shopping district in the United States designed to accommodate shoppers arriving by automobile, and is surrounded by apartments and condominiums, including a number of high rise buildings.
The associated
Country Club District to the south includes the
Sunset Hill and Brookside neighborhoods, and is traversed by Ward Parkway, a beautiful, landscaped boulevard known for its statuary, fountains and large, historic homes.
Kansas City's Union Station (Kansas City) is now home to Science City, restaurants, shopping, theaters, and the city's Amtrak facility.
Downtown redevelopment
Downtown Kansas City is an area of 2.9 square miles bounded by the Missouri River to the north, 31st Street to the south, Bruce R. Watkins Drive (
U.S. Highway 71) to the east and I-35 to the west.
After years of neglect and seas of parking lots,
Downtown Kansas City is currently undergoing a period of change. Many residential properties have recently been or are currently under redevelopment. A planned entertainment district, which will be called the "
Power & Light District", is being developed in the southern part of the downtown freeway loop (Kansas City) by the
Cordish Company of Baltimore, Maryland; adjacent to the entertainment district will be a new arena, named the
Sprint Center, which opened on October 10, 2007. The arena was designed by a consortium of local architects, and hopes to lure an
National Basketball Association or NHL franchise to the city.
Los Angeles-based Anschutz Entertainment Group has invested in the arena project and will run its daily operations.
See Also: Downtown Kansas City Redevelopment
Parks and parkways
Kansas City is well-known for its spacious parkways and numerous parks. The parkway system winds its way through the city with broad, landscaped medians that include statuary and fountains. One of the best examples is Ward Parkway on the west side of the city, near the
Kansas State Line Road.Originally designed for aesthetics and minor automobile/horse and buggy traffic, many parkways were drastically altered to accommodate more and more vehicles, becoming minor freeways.
Swope Park is one of the nation's largest in-city parks, comprising 1,763 acres (2.75mi²), more than twice as big as New York's Central Park. It includes a full-fledged
zoo, two golf courses, a lake, an amphitheatre, day-camp area, and numerous picnic grounds.
Kansas City has always had one of the nation's best urban forestry programs. At one time, almost all residential streets were planted with a solid canopy of
American elms but
Dutch elm disease devastated them. Most of the elms died and were replaced with a variety of other shade trees. A program is underway currently to replace many of the fast-growing
American Sweetgum trees with
hardwood varieties.http://www.kcmo.org/planning/pdf/focus/NA_reports/triblen.pdf
Demographics
{{USCensusPop|1853= 2500|1860= 4418|1870= 32260|1880= 55785|1890= 132716|1900= 163752|1910= 248381|1920= 324410|1930= 399746|1940= 400178|1950= 456622|1960= 475539|1970= 507087|1980= 448159|1990 = 435146|2000= 441545-->{{demographics|city|441,545|183,981|107,444|543.7|1,408.2|202,334|645.3|249.2|60.68|31.23|0.48|1.85|0.11|3.21|2.44|6.93|28.1|38.0|16.0|41.6|34.1|9.4|2.35|3.06|25.4|9.7|32.5|20.6|11.7|34|93.3|89.9|37,198|46,012|35,132|27,548|20,753|14.3|11.1|20.2|10.5-->
The United States Census bureau updated their American Community Survey information in 2005 for Kansas City. Their study estimated a population of about 440,885 people, the margin of error was placed at +/- 9,193 people. Growth in Kansas City is increasing, with 3,618 housing permits granted in 2004 and 2005. As of 2005, about 210,000 households exist.
Economy
Greater Kansas City is headquarters to 3
Fortune 500 companies (
H&R Block, Embarq, and
YRC Worldwide Inc.) and additional
Fortune 1000 corporations (
Interstate Bakeries Corporation,
Great Plains Energy,
Aquila, AMC Theatres, and
DST Systems). Hallmark Cards's gross revenues certainly would qualify it for both lists, but it cannot be included because it is privately owned by the
Donald J. Hall, Sr.. Numerous agriculture companies operate out of the city and the
Kansas City Board of Trade is the principal trading center for hard red winter wheat — the principal ingredient of
bread.
The business community is serviced by two major business magazines, the
Kansas City Business Journal (published weekly) and
Ingram's Magazine (published monthly), as well as numerous other smaller publications, including a local high society journal, the
Independent (published weekly).'s new oblong headquarters in downtown Kansas City
Kansas City is literally "on the money." Federal Reserve Notes issued by the
Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City are marked the letter "J" and/or number "10." The single dollar bills have Kansas City's name on them. Missouri is the only state to have two of the 12 Federal Reserve Bank headquarters (St. Louis also has a headquarters). Kansas City's effort to get the bank was helped by former Kansas City mayor James A. Reed who as senator broke a tie to get the
Federal Reserve Act passed. A Foregone Conclusion: The Founding of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis by James Neal Primm - stlouisfed.org - Retrieved January 1, 2007.
See also: List of foreign consulates in Kansas City, Missouri.
Law and government
City government
For a list of mayors of Kansas City see: List of mayors of Kansas City
Kansas City is home to the largest
Kansas City, Missouri Municipal Government in the state of Missouri. The Mayor of Kansas City, Missouri of Kansas City is Mark Funkhouser, elected on March 27, 2007. The city has a
city manager form of government, however the role of city manager has diminished over the years following excesses during the days of
Tom Pendergast. The mayor is the head of the Kansas City, Missouri City Council, which has 12 members (one member for each district, plus one at large member per district), and the mayor himself is the presiding member. Kansas City holds city elections on odd numbered years (every four years unless there is a special reason). The last major city-wide election was May 2007, meaning the next one will be in May 2011.
From the late 19th Century to the mid 20th Century, Kansas City's municipal government was controlled by often corrupt olitical machines. Tom Pendergast was the most infamous leader of the party machine. The most nationally prominent Democrat associated with Pendergast's machine was
Harry S. Truman, who became a Senator,
Vice President of the United States and then
President of the United States from 1945-1953.
Courts
United States Courthouse in Downtown Kansas City, seat of the United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri.Kansas City is the seat of the United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri, one of two federal
United States District Courts in Missouri (the other, the
United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri, is in St. Louis). It also is the seat of the Western District of the Law and Government of Missouri#Judicial, one of three districts of that court (the Eastern District is in St. Louis and the Southern District is in Springfield, Missouri).
Hosted national political conventions
Kansas City has hosted the 1900 Democratic National Convention, the
1928 Republican National Convention, which nominated Herbert Hoover from
Iowa for President, and the memorable 1976 Republican National Convention, which nominated Kansas U.S. Senator
Bob Dole for Vice President.
Kansas City consistently votes Democratic in Presidential elections, however on the state and local level Republicans often find some modest success, especially in the Northland and other parts of Kansas City that are predominately suburban.
Congressional representation
Kansas City is represented by two members of the
United States House of Representatives:
Missouri
- Missouri's 5th congressional district – all of Kansas City proper in Jackson County plus Independence and portions of Cass County. Currently represented by Emanuel Cleaver (Democrat)
- Missouri's 6th congressional district – all of Kansas City proper north of the Missouri River and plus suburbs in eastern Jackson County beyond Independence and a vast stretch of suburbs and rural areas extending all the way to the Iowa border and more than 100 miles. Currently represented by Sam Graves (Republican)
Crime
As of October 30, 2006, Kansas City ranks as twenty first highest amount of crime in the United States, as reported by the FBI. 25 Safest Cities www.morganquinto.com Accessed Nov. 2006
Kansas City ranked sixth in rate of murders in the 2006 United States cities by crime rate for cities with populations more than 400,000. The entire Kansas City metropolitan area has the fourth worst violent crime rate among cities with more than 100,000 with a rate of 614.7 crimes per 100,000 residents. Kansas City Star September 26, 2006 "FBI crime data paint grim portrait" of KC by Kevin Collinson
Much of the city's murders and violent crimes occur in the city's
inner city. The violent crime rates in the core have consistently driven the city and metropolitan area down on "livability" indexes, hindering initiatives in the
1970s, 1980s and
1990s to revive downtown Kansas City. In the 2000s attempts at revitalizing the downtown area have been more successful. Kansas City Area Development Council Downtown currently has one of the lowest crime rates in the urban core, and thousands more people have moved to this area. Other parts of the urban core with higher
poverty levels remain places where crime is unabated.
Most of the crime has stemmed from recent gang wars in Kansas City that started in 2004 when local rappers
Mac Dre and Fat Tone were killed.
Mac Dre was allegedly killed by a local gang while returning to his hotel after a concert. Fat Tone was then killed in Las Vegas in retaliation for Mac Dre's death. Since their deaths, Kansas City has experienced local gang wars, which has involved some of the prominent local gangs. Police recently announced they had found the sources of a lot of the fighting and were concentrating their efforts on certain individuals and neighborhoods. Some of the recent homicide/shooting suspects had been caught before by the police for other homicides, but had to be released after the witnesses were either harmed or threatened. Police were hoping that they can possibly put an end to the gang violence and wars that have been the cause of most of the city's crime rate problems. The police increased pressure on gangs in 2007, capturing major and minor gang figures.
Some of the earliest violence in Kansas City erupted during the bloody
American Civil War. Shortly after its founding in 1853, the Bleeding Kansas incidents erupted affecting
border ruffians and
Jayhawkers who both lived in the city. During the war, Union troops
General Order № 11 (1863) in Jackson County south of Brush Creek and east of Blue Creek to Independence in an attempt to halt raids into Kansas.
After the war, the Kansas City Times turned Jesse James (outlaw) into a folk hero in its coverage. James was born in the metro area at
Kearney, Missouri and robbed the Kansas City Fairgrounds at 12th and Campbell.
In the early 20th Century under "Boss"
Tom Pendergast, Kansas City became the country's "most wide open town", with virtually no enforcement of liquor laws or hours. While this would give rise to
Kansas City Jazz, it also led to the rise of the Kansas City mob (initially under Johnny Lazia) as well as the arrival of gangsters. The 1930s saw the Kansas City Massacre at
Union Station (Kansas City), as well as a shootout between police and outlaws
Bonnie and Clyde at the
Red Crown Tavern near what is now Kansas City International Airport.
In the 1970s, the Kansas City mob was involved in a gangland war over control of the River Quay entertainment district in which three buildings were bombed and several gangsters were killed. Police investigations into the mob took hold after boss
Nick Civella was recorded discussing gambling bets on
Super Bowl IV (where the Kansas City Chiefs defeated Minnesota). The war and investigation would lead to the end of mob control of the Stardust Casino, which was the basis for the movie
Casino (movie) (although the Kansas City connections are minimized in the movie).
Sister cities
that is pointing in the direction of Seville.
- Tainan City, Republic of China
- Seville, Spain
- Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Freetown, Sierra Leone
- Ramla, Israel
- Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
- Kurashiki, Japan
- Metz, France
- Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Arusha, Tanzania
- Morelia, Mexico
Transportation
First, it was at the confluence of the Missouri River and Kansas River and the launching pointing for travelers on the Santa Fe Trail, Oregon Trail, and California Trail trails. Then with the construction of the Hannibal Bridge across the Missouri River it became the central location for 11 trunk railroads. More rail traffic in terms of tonnage still passes through the city than any other city in the country.
TWA located its headquarters in the city and had ambitious plans to turn the city into an air hub for the world.
Missouri and Kansas were the first states to start building interstates with
Interstate 70. An ever increasing number of interstate loops has encouraged suburban sprawl.
Interstate 435, which encircles the entire city, is the second longest beltway in the nation. Today, Kansas City and its metropolitan area has more miles of highway per person than any other city in the United States.
Airports
Kansas City International Airport was built to the specifications of TWA to make a world hub for the supersonic transport and Boeing 747. Its passenger friendly design in which its gates were 100 feet from the street has, since the
September 11, 2001 attacks, required a costly overhaul to retrofit it to incorporate elements of a more conventional security system. Recent proposals have suggested replacing the three terminals with a new single terminal situated south of the existing runways, thus allowing the airport to operate during construction and to shave miles off of the travel time from downtown and the southern suburbs. The airport is completely supported by user fees and receives no general fund support for operations.
Charles B. Wheeler Downtown Airport was the original headquarters of Trans World Airlines and houses the
Airline History Museum. It is still used for general aviation and airshows.
Mass transit
Like most American cities, Kansas City's mass transit system was originally rail-based. An electric
tram network that ran through the city until 1957. The rapid sprawl in the following years lead to this privately-run system to be shut down. The Kansas City Area Transportation Authority (KCATA) was formed with the signing of a Bi-State compact created by the Missouri and Kansas legislatures on December 28, 1965. The compact gives the KCATA responsibility for planning, construction, owning and operating passenger transportation systems and facilities within the seven-county Kansas City metropolitan area. These include the counties of Cass, Clay, Jackson and Platte in Missouri, and Johnson, Leavenworth and Wyandotte in Kansas. The KCATA is governed by a 10-member Board of Commissioners, five from the state of Kansas and five from the state of Missouri.
The KCATA offers customers three types of service in the Kansas City area: 1) Fixed-route service along 75 routes 2) Share-A-Fare Paratransit service for the elderly and persons with disabilities 3) MetroFlex service which offers a combination of fixed-route and demand-response.
The base fare is $1.25 one-way, with a variety of passes available. On predicted Ozone Alert! Days from June 1 through September 30, the fare is $.50.
A light rail petition initiative was approved by voters in November 2006. The KCATA is currently conducting a federally mandated Alternatives Analysis study in an effort to gain federal funding toward a 12-mile starter system. The complete system is planned to run from the Kansas City Zoo north through downtown stopping at Union Station, the newly built Sprint Center and others. It will continue north across the Missouri River stopping at Zona Rosa and terminating at the Kansas City International Airport.
Bus rapid transit
In July 2005, the
Kansas City Area Transportation Authority (KCATA) launched Kansas City’s first Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) line called "MAX" (Metro Area Express). MAX links the vibrant River Market, Downtown, Union Station, Crown Center and the Country Club Plaza. This corridor boasts over 150,000 jobs, as well as some of the area’s most prestigious real estate and treasured cultural amenities.
This $21 million project was the region’s most significant public transportation improvement in decades, providing quicker and more convenient service than the local bus routes. MAX is the spine for future transit expansions and a key component of the region’s long-range transit vision, Smart Moves.
By design, MAX operates and is marketed more like a rail system than a local bus line. A unique identity was created for MAX, including 13 modern diesel buses and easily identifiable “stations". MAX features state-of-the-art technology to deliver customers a high level of reliability, speed and comfort. Dedicated lanes during rush hour help give MAX a rapid, smooth ride, and special traffic signalization holds a green light longer, only if needed, to keep MAX on schedule. Limited stops resulted in reduced travel time between Downtown and the Plaza to about 10 minutes.
MAX has successfully attracted new riders who had not tried transit in Kansas City previously. In fact, 27% of MAX riders indicate they had not ridden transit prior to MAX and a full 77% say that as a result of their experience on MAX, they will now use other Metro routes more often. An average of 5,000 riders use the MAX line daily. It is augmented by the #57 local route, which shares most of the same stops.
The second MAX line is in the design phase and will launch in the Troost Avenue corridor in 2009. It will augment the #25 route, which has an average of 7,500 riders daily.
MAX runs seven days a week from 5am to 1am. During rush hour periods, the buses make stops about every 10 minutes. The one-way fare is $1.25.
Light rail
- Kansas City does not currently have a Subway (rail) or light rail system, and several proposals to build one have been rejected by voters in the past. However, the city is currently in the development phase of a starter light rail system. On November 7, 2006, Kansas City voters narrowly approved a ballot initiative brought forward byClay Chastain from Virginia, proposing a city-wide light rail system paid for by a 3/8-cent sales tax that currently funds 40% of Kansas City’s bus system. That sales tax, which will expire April 2009, would have been bought to voter for renewal, but the citizen petition for light rail occurred before this could happen. The initiative requires a 27-mile light rail line running from the Kansas City Zoo, through the city’s urban core, and out to Kansas City International Airport. In addition to the light rail system, the initiative requires a gondola system that will link Kansas City’s Union Station with the Liberty Memorial, the purchase of 60 hybrid electric busses and the removal of street access through Penn Valley Park, adjacent to the Liberty Memorial. The KCATA estimates that to build the entire light rail system as written will cost between $1.4 and $1.6 billion. The original price tag presented to voters for the line was just below $800 million.
- In August of 2007, it was announced by the KCATA that an Alternatives Analysis study of the voter-approved light rail plan had a $415 million funding shortfall, even if the federal government paid half of planned construction costs. This study also revealed that the November 2006 plan had technical problems including issues with bridges, steep inclines, and sharp turns beyond typical tolerances. Currently, a citizens’ petition seeking a repeal of the November 2006 initiative is making its way through the City Council. It is expected on the ballot for voters in February 2008. Should the November 2006 initiative be overturned, Chastain has stated that he would seek legal recourse against the city.
The KCATA will have its Alternatives Analysis complete in Spring 2008, at which time a recommended alternative will be presented.
Trolley/Streetcars
- Kansas City has a long history with streetcars and trolleys. From 1870-1957 Kansas City's streetcar system was among the top in the country, with over 300 miles of track at its peak. Following the decision to scrap the system, many of its former streetcars have been serving other American cities for a long time. In 2007, ideas and plans arose to add normal trolley lines, as well as possibly fast streetcars to the city's Downtown for the first time in decades. These proposals are being seen as possible first steps in implemented a larger mass transit network, that would include light rail.
Culture
Ethnic Culture
There is a large community of Irish American in Kansas City which numbers around 250,000. The Irish Community includes a large number of bands, including Kansas City's own
The Elders, multiple newspapers, the numerous Irish stores, including Browne's Irish Market, the oldest Irish owned business in
North America, and the Irish Museum and Cultural Center is the new center of the community. The first book that detailed the history of the Irish in Kansas City was Missouri Irish, Irish Settlers on the American Frontier, published in 1984. The first podcast on the history of the Irish in Kansas City appeared in 2006, under the title of 'Missouri Irish'. It is also of some note that the leading publisher of Irish f
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Platte County, Missouri,
Cass County, Missouri|government_type =|leader_title =
Mayor of Kansas City, Missouri|leader_name =
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Kansas City is the largest city in the
U.S. state of
Missouri. It encompasses parts of Jackson County, Missouri,
Clay County, Missouri, Cass County, Missouri, and Platte County, Missouri counties and is the anchor city of the
Kansas City Metropolitan Area, the second largest in Missouri, which includes counties in both Missouri and
Kansas. As of 2006, the city had an estimated population of 447,306, with a metro area of nearly two million.http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/metro_general/2006/CBSA-EST2006-01.csv Kansas City was founded in
1838 as the "Town of Kansas"http://www.kcmo.org/kcmo.nsf/web/kchistory?opendocument at the confluence of the
Missouri River and
Kansas River rivers and was incorporated in its present form in 1850. Situated opposite
Kansas City, Kansas, Kansas, the city was the location of several battles during the American Civil War, including the
Battle of Westport. The city is well known for its contributions to the musical styles of jazz and blues as well as to
cuisine (
Kansas City-style barbecue).
Abbreviations and nicknames
Kansas City, Missouri, is often abbreviated as "KCMO", or simply "KC" (both abbreviations often refer to the
Kansas City Metropolitan Area). It is officially nicknamed the
City of Fountains, with over 200 examples, the city claims to have second most in the world, just behind
Rome. The city also has more boulevards than any city except
Paris and has often been called "Paris on the
Great Plains." Informal nicknames include
BBQ Capital of the World, and residents are known as
Kansas Citians. It is sometimes referred to colloquially as the
Heart of America as it is near both the Geographic centers of the United States and Mean center of U.S. population centers of the United States.
History
founder Alexander Majors,Westport/Kansas City founder [John Calvin McCoy and Mountainman [Jim Bridger who owned Chouteau's Store next to Kelly's
Kansas City, Missouri was incorporated in 1850. The Kansas City Metropolitan Area straddling the border between Missouri and Kansas at the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri rivers was considered a good place to build settlements.
Exploration and settlement
The first documented European visit to Kansas City was
Étienne de Veniard, Sieur de Bourgmont, who was also the first European to explore the lower Missouri River. Criticized for his handling of a Native American attack of
Fort Detroit, he had deserted his post as commander of the fort and was avoiding the French authorities. Bourgmont lived with a Native American wife in the
Missouri (tribe) village about 90 miles east near
Brunswick, Missouri, and illegally traded furs.
In order to clear his name, he wrote "Exact Description of Louisiana, of Its Harbors, Lands and Rivers, and Names of the Indian Tribes That Occupy It, and the Commerce and Advantages to Be Derived Therefrom for the Establishment of a Colony" in 1713 followed in 1714 by "The Route to Be Taken to Ascend the Missouri River." In the documents he describes the junction of the "Grande Riv des Cansez" and Missouri River, being the first to refer to them by those names. French cartographer
Guillaume Delisle used the descriptions to make the first reasonably accurate map of the area.
The Spanish took over the region in the Treaty of Paris (1763) but were not to play a major role in the area other than taxing and licensing all traffic on the Missouri River. The French continued their fur trade on the river under Spanish license. The Chouteau family operated under the Spanish license at
St. Louis, Missouri in the lower
Missouri Valley as early as 1765, but it would be 1821 before the Chouteaus reached Kansas City, when
François Chouteau established Chouteau's Landing.
After the Louisiana Purchase,
Lewis and Clark visited the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri rivers, noting it was a good place to build a fort.
In 1833
John Calvin McCoy established Westport, Kansas City along the Santa Fe Trail, three miles away from the river. Then in 1834, McCoy established Westport, Kansas City on a bend in the Missouri River to serve as a landing point for West Port. Soon after, the Kansas Town Company, a group of investors, began to settle the area, taking their name from an English spelling of "Cansez." In 1850 the landing area was incorporated as the Town of Kansas.
By that time, the Town of Kansas, Westport, and nearby
Independence, Missouri, had become critical points in America's
Territorial acquisitions of the United States. Three major
Historical roads and trails of the United Statess -- the Santa Fe Trail, California Trail, and Oregon Trail -- all originated in Jackson County, Missouri.
On
February 22,
1853, the City of Kansas was created with a newly elected mayor. It had an area of 0.70 square miles and a population of 2,500. The boundary lines at that time extended from the middle of the Missouri River south to what is now Ninth Street, and from Bluff Street on the west to a point between Holmes Road and Charlotte Street on the east.
Civil War
The area was ripe with animosity as the
American Civil War approached. As citizens of a slave state, Missourians tended to sympathize with the southern states. With Kansas petitioning to enter the Union (American Civil War) under the new doctrine of popular sovereignty, many from the area crossed into Kansas to sway the state towards allowing slavery, at first by ballot box and then by bloodshed.
in Union StationDuring the Civil War, the City of Kansas was in the midst of battles, almost all of them victories by the Union. The
First Battle of Independence in August 1862 stunted a
Confederate States of America advance into northern Missouri (settled by pro-slavery Virginians), and the October 1864 Battle of Westport effectively ended Confederate efforts to occupy the city. However, a successful raid on nearby
Lawrence, Kansas, led by William Quantrill forced General
Thomas Ewing, Jr. to issue General Order No. 11 (1863), forcing the eviction of residents in four counties, including Jackson, except those living in the city and nearby communities and those whose allegiance to the Union was certified by Ewing.
Post-Civil War
After the Civil War, the City of Kansas grew rapidly. The selection of the city over
Leavenworth, Kansas, for the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad bridge over the Missouri River brought about significant growth. The population exploded after 1869, when the Hannibal Bridge, designed by Octave Chanute, opened. The boom prompted a name change to Kansas City in 1889 and the city limits to extend south and east. Westport became part of Kansas City on December 2, 1897.
Kansas City, guided by architect
George Kessler, became a forefront example of the
City Beautiful movement, developing a network of boulevards and parks around the city. The relocation of Union Station (Kansas City) to its current location in 1914 and the opening of the Liberty Memorial in 1923 gave the city two of its most identifiable landmarks. Further spurring Kansas City's growth was the opening of the innovative Country Club Plaza development by Jesse Clyde Nichols in 1925 as part of his Country Club District plan.
Pendergast era
At the
turn of the century, political machines attempted to gain clout in the city, with the one led by Tom Pendergast emerging as the dominant machine by 1925. A new city charter passed that year made it easier for his Democratic Party machine to gain control of the city council (slimmed from 32 members to nine) and appoint a corrupt city manager. Several important buildings and structures were built during this time, to assist with the great depression-- all led by Pendergast, including the Kansas City City Hall and the Jackson County Courthouse-- both added new skyscrapers to the city's growing skyline. The machine fell in 1939 when Pendergast, riddled with health problems, pleaded guilty to
tax evasion. The machine, however, gave rise to Harry S. Truman, who quickly became Kansas City's favorite son.
Post-World War II sprawl
After World War II, the city experienced considerable sprawl, as the affluent populace left for
suburbs like
Johnson County, Kansas, and eastern Jackson County, Missouri. However, many also went north of the
Missouri River, where Kansas City had incorporated areas between the
1940s to 1970s. The population of the urban core significantly dipped, while the city as a whole gained population.
The sprawl of the city mainly took shape after the "race riots" of the Civil Rights Movement in Kansas City. At this time, slums were also beginning to form in the inner city, and those who could afford to leave, left for the suburbs and outer edges of the city. The post-WWII idea of suburbs and the "American Dream" also contributed to the sprawl of the area. As the city continued to sprawl, the inner city also continued to decline.
In 1940, the city had about 400,000 residents; by 2000, the same area was home to only about 180,000. From 1940 to 1960, the city more than doubled its physical size, while increasing its population by only about 75,000. By 1970, the city had a total area of approximately 316 square miles, more than five times its size in 1940.
The future for sprawl in Kansas City is uncertain. Johnson County has continued to sprawl at a constant rate, and Clay County, Missouri, also has begun to sprawl once more. However recent revelations in urban planning have slowed sprawl and focused instead on the inner city, existing infrastructure and housing, as well as reviving the city's formerly blighted downtown. Uses of the
New Urbanism style of planning is now also occurring in some of the most prominent suburban projects.
Notable Kansas City residents/natives
- Burt Bacharach, pianist and composer
- Thomas Hart Benton (painter), American muralist of the Regionalist school
- Johnathan Coachman, WWE Wrestler/Former General Manager
- Joan Crawford, movie actress
- Walter Cronkite, broadcast journalist
- Walt Disney moved to Kansas City and established his first animation studio, Laugh-O-Gram Studio, at 31st and Locust streets in 1923
- David F. Duncan, health scientist and Presidential advisor
- Joyce Hall, American businessman, founder of Hallmark Cards
- Jean Harlow, American film actress and sex symbol of the 1930s
- Robert A. Heinlein, Science fiction writer (Many of Heinlein's stories take place in Kansas City (or its analogue) and in areas nearby)
- Clarence M. Kelley, F.B.I. Director
- John Kander, American composer of a series of musical theatre successes as part of the songwriting team of Kander and Ebb
- William Least Heat Moon, writer
- Wayne Nelson, lead singer of the classic rock's Little River Band
- Eddie Timanus, First blind Jeopardy! contestant and sportswriter for USA Today
- Big Joe Turner, "The Boss of the Blues", noted jazz, blues, and rock n' roll singer
- Aaron Yates, rap and hip-hop artist, known by his pseudonym, Tech N9ne
Geography
According to the
United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 318.0
square mile (823.7
square kilometre). 313.5 mi² (812.1 km²) of it is land and 4.5 mi² (11.6 km²) of it (1.41%) is water.
Kansas City is often imagined to be flat like Chicago,
Manhattan or
Dallas, but in fact it has many rolling hills. Much of urban Kansas City sits atop 100-200ft bluffs overlooking the rivers and river bottoms areas. Kansas City proper is bowl-shaped and is surrounded to the north and south by limestone and bedrock cliffs that were carved by
glaciers. Kansas City is situated at the junction between the Dakota ice lobe and Minnesota ice lobes during the maximum late
Independence glaciation of the Pleistocene Geologic time scale. The Kansas and Missouri rivers cut wide valleys into the terrain when the glaciers melted and drained. A partially filled spillway valley crosses the central portion of Kansas City, Missouri. This valley is an eastward continuation of Turkey Creek valley. Union Station (Kansas City) is located in this valley.
The city's
tap water was recently rated the cleanest among the 50 largest cities in the United States, containing no detectable impurities.
Climate
Kansas City lies near the geographic center of the contiguous United States, at the confluence of the second largest river in the country, the Missouri River, and the
Kansas River (also known as the Kaw River). This makes for a humid continental climate (
Koppen climate classification Dfa) with moderate precipitation and extremes of hot and cold. Summers can be very humid, with moist air riding up from the
Gulf of Mexico, and during July and August daytime highs can reach into the triple digits. Winters vary from mild days to bitterly cold, with lows reaching into the teens below zero a few times a year. Spring and autumn are pleasant and peppered with thunderstorms.
{| class="wikitable" width=100%! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080" height="17" | Month! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Jan! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Feb! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Mar! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Apr! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | May! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Jun! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Jul! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Aug! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Sep! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Oct! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Nov! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Dec! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Year|-! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Avg high °F
(°C)| style="background: #9999CC; color: black;" | 38
(3)| style="background: #99FF33; color: black;" | 44
(7)| style="background: #339933; color: black;" | 56
(13)| style="background: #FFDD00; color: black;" | 67
(19)| style="background: #FF8800; color: black;" | 76
(24)| style="background: #FF0000; color: black;" | 86
(30)| style="background: #AE1D1D; color: black;" | 90
(32)| style="background: #FF0000; color: black;" | 89
(32)| style="background: #FF0000; color: black;" | 80
(27)| style="background: #FFDD00; color: black;" | 69
(21)| style="background: #339933; color: black;" | 53
(12)| style="background: #99FF33; color: black;" | 42
(6)| style="background: #FFDD00; color: black;" | 66
(19)|-! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" height="16;" | Avg low °F
(°C)| style="background: #6633CC; color: black;" | 21
(-6)| style="background: #6633CC; color: black;" | 26
(-3)| style="background: #9999CC; color: black;" | 36
(2)| style="background: #99FF33; color: black;" | 46
(8)| style="background: #339933; color: black;" | 57
(14)| style="background: #FFDD00; color: black;" | 67
(19)| style="background: #FF8800; color: black;" | 72
(22)| style="background: #FF8800; color: black;" | 70
(21)| style="background: #FFDD00; color: black;" | 61
(16)| style="background: #99FF33; color: black;" | 49
(9)| style="background: #9999CC; color: black;" | 36
(2)| style="background: #6633CC; color: black;" | 25
(-4)| style="background: #99FF33; color: black;" | 47
(8)|-! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Rainfall in inches
(millimeters)| style="background: #66CCFF;" | 1.13
(28.7)| style="background: #66CCFF;" | 1.02
(25.9)| style="background: #2288BB;" | 2.38
(60.5)| style="background: #2266AA;" | 3.27
(83.1)| style="background: #194470;" | 4.55
(115.6)| style="background: #194470;" | 4.73
(120.1)| style="background: #2266AA;" | 3.61
(91.7)| style="background: #2266AA;" | 3.62
(91.9)| style="background: #194470;" | 4.17
(105.9)| style="background: #2266AA;" | 3.28
(83.3)| style="background: #2288BB;" | 2.30
(58.4)| style="background: #66CCFF;" | 1.45
(36.8)| style="background: #44AADD;" | 35.51
(902)|}
Weather
Kansas City is situated in "Tornado Alley," a broad region where cold air from the Rocky Mountains and
Canada collides with warm air from the
Gulf of Mexico, leading to the formation of powerful storms. Kansas City has had many severe outbreaks of
tornados, including the Kansas City Tornado Outbreak of May 1957, Kansas City Tornado Almanac, wdaftv4.com. Accessed Sept. 2006. and the May 2003 Tornado Outbreak Sequence, as well as other severe weather, most notably the
Kansas City derecho in 1982. The region is also prone to
Winter storm#Freezing rain and ice stormss, such as the 2002 Central Plains Ice Storm during which hundreds of thousands lost power for days and (in some cases) weeks. KC powerless as icy barrage pummels the area, leaves behind disaster zone, Accessed 10 September 2006. Kansas City and its outlying areas are also subject to flooding, including the Great Flood of 1993 and the
Great Flood of 1951.
Cityscape
on the Country Club Plaza at Night
Kansas City, Missouri, is organized into a system of more than 150
neighborhoods, some with histories as independent cities or the sites of major events.
Downtown, the center of the city, is currently undergoing major redevelopment. The urban core of the city has a variety of
List of neighborhoods in Kansas City, Missouri, including historical Westport, Kansas City, the
Crossroads Arts District,
18th and Vine Historic District, Pendleton Heights, Quality Hill, the West Bottoms and the
River Market.
(shaded in red). Downtown Kansas City itself is established by city Local ordinance to stretch from the Missouri River south to 31st Street (beyond the bottom of this map), and from I-35 to Bruce R. WatkinsOther areas near Downtown Kansas City include:
The
39th Street District is known as Restaurant Row and features one of Kansas City's largest selections of independently owned restaurants and boutique shops. It is a center of literary and visual arts and
bohemian culture.
Crown Center is the headquarters of
Hallmark Cards and a major downtown shopping and entertainment complex. It is connected to Union Station by a series of covered walkways.
The
Country Club Plaza, or simply "the Plaza," is an upscale, outdoor shopping and entertainment district. It was the first shopping district in the United States designed to accommodate shoppers arriving by automobile, and is surrounded by apartments and condominiums, including a number of high rise buildings.
The associated Country Club District to the south includes the Sunset Hill and Brookside neighborhoods, and is traversed by
Ward Parkway, a beautiful, landscaped boulevard known for its statuary, fountains and large, historic homes.
Kansas City's
Union Station (Kansas City) is now home to
Science City, restaurants, shopping, theaters, and the city's
Amtrak facility.
Downtown redevelopment
Downtown Kansas City is an area of 2.9 square miles bounded by the Missouri River to the north, 31st Street to the south, Bruce R. Watkins Drive (
U.S. Highway 71) to the east and I-35 to the west.
After years of neglect and seas of parking lots, Downtown Kansas City is currently undergoing a period of change. Many residential properties have recently been or are currently under redevelopment. A planned entertainment district, which will be called the "Power & Light District", is being developed in the southern part of the downtown freeway loop (Kansas City) by the Cordish Company of Baltimore, Maryland; adjacent to the entertainment district will be a new arena, named the Sprint Center, which opened on October 10, 2007. The arena was designed by a consortium of local architects, and hopes to lure an National Basketball Association or
NHL franchise to the city. Los Angeles-based Anschutz Entertainment Group has invested in the arena project and will run its daily operations.
See Also: Downtown Kansas City Redevelopment
Parks and parkways
Kansas City is well-known for its spacious parkways and numerous parks. The parkway system winds its way through the city with broad, landscaped medians that include statuary and fountains. One of the best examples is Ward Parkway on the west side of the city, near the Kansas State Line Road.Originally designed for aesthetics and minor automobile/horse and buggy traffic, many parkways were drastically altered to accommodate more and more vehicles, becoming minor freeways.
Swope Park is one of the nation's largest in-city parks, comprising 1,763 acres (2.75mi²), more than twice as big as New York's Central Park. It includes a full-fledged zoo, two golf courses, a lake, an amphitheatre, day-camp area, and numerous picnic grounds.
Kansas City has always had one of the nation's best urban forestry programs. At one time, almost all residential streets were planted with a solid canopy of
American elms but
Dutch elm disease devastated them. Most of the elms died and were replaced with a variety of other shade trees. A program is underway currently to replace many of the fast-growing American Sweetgum trees with
hardwood varieties.http://www.kcmo.org/planning/pdf/focus/NA_reports/triblen.pdf
Demographics
{{USCensusPop|1853= 2500|1860= 4418|1870= 32260|1880= 55785|1890= 132716|1900= 163752|1910= 248381|1920= 324410|1930= 399746|1940= 400178|1950= 456622|1960= 475539|1970= 507087|1980= 448159|1990 = 435146|2000= 441545-->{{demographics|city|441,545|183,981|107,444|543.7|1,408.2|202,334|645.3|249.2|60.68|31.23|0.48|1.85|0.11|3.21|2.44|6.93|28.1|38.0|16.0|41.6|34.1|9.4|2.35|3.06|25.4|9.7|32.5|20.6|11.7|34|93.3|89.9|37,198|46,012|35,132|27,548|20,753|14.3|11.1|20.2|10.5-->
The United States Census bureau updated their American Community Survey information in 2005 for Kansas City. Their study estimated a population of about 440,885 people, the margin of error was placed at +/- 9,193 people. Growth in Kansas City is increasing, with 3,618 housing permits granted in 2004 and 2005. As of 2005, about 210,000 households exist.
Economy
Greater Kansas City is headquarters to 3
Fortune 500 companies (
H&R Block,
Embarq, and
YRC Worldwide Inc.) and additional
Fortune 1000 corporations (
Interstate Bakeries Corporation,
Great Plains Energy,Aquila,
AMC Theatres, and
DST Systems). Hallmark Cards's gross revenues certainly would qualify it for both lists, but it cannot be included because it is privately owned by the
Donald J. Hall, Sr.. Numerous agriculture companies operate out of the city and the
Kansas City Board of Trade is the principal trading center for hard red
winter wheat — the principal ingredient of
bread.
The business community is serviced by two major business magazines, the
Kansas City Business Journal (published weekly) and
Ingram's Magazine (published monthly), as well as numerous other smaller publications, including a local high society journal, the
Independent (published weekly).'s new oblong headquarters in downtown Kansas City
Kansas City is literally "on the money." Federal Reserve Notes issued by the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City are marked the letter "J" and/or number "10." The single dollar bills have Kansas City's name on them. Missouri is the only state to have two of the 12
Federal Reserve Bank headquarters (St. Louis also has a headquarters). Kansas City's effort to get the bank was helped by former Kansas City mayor James A. Reed who as senator broke a tie to get the Federal Reserve Act passed. A Foregone Conclusion: The Founding of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis by James Neal Primm - stlouisfed.org - Retrieved January 1, 2007.
See also: List of foreign consulates in Kansas City, Missouri.
Law and government
City government
For a list of mayors of Kansas City see: List of mayors of Kansas City
Kansas City is home to the largest Kansas City, Missouri Municipal Government in the state of Missouri. The
Mayor of Kansas City, Missouri of Kansas City is
Mark Funkhouser, elected on March 27, 2007. The city has a city manager form of government, however the role of city manager has diminished over the years following excesses during the days of
Tom Pendergast. The mayor is the head of the
Kansas City, Missouri City Council, which has 12 members (one member for each district, plus one at large member per district), and the mayor himself is the presiding member. Kansas City holds city elections on odd numbered years (every four years unless there is a special reason). The last major city-wide election was May 2007, meaning the next one will be in May 2011.
From the late 19th Century to the mid 20th Century, Kansas City's municipal government was controlled by often corrupt olitical machines. Tom Pendergast was the most infamous leader of the party machine. The most nationally prominent Democrat associated with Pendergast's machine was
Harry S. Truman, who became a Senator,
Vice President of the United States and then President of the United States from 1945-1953.
Courts
United States Courthouse in Downtown Kansas City, seat of the United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri.Kansas City is the seat of the United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri, one of two federal
United States District Courts in Missouri (the other, the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri, is in St. Louis). It also is the seat of the Western District of the Law and Government of Missouri#Judicial, one of three districts of that court (the Eastern District is in St. Louis and the Southern District is in Springfield, Missouri).
Hosted national political conventions
Kansas City has hosted the
1900 Democratic National Convention, the 1928 Republican National Convention, which nominated Herbert Hoover from Iowa for President, and the memorable 1976 Republican National Convention, which nominated Kansas U.S. Senator
Bob Dole for Vice President.
Kansas City consistently votes Democratic in Presidential elections, however on the state and local level Republicans often find some modest success, especially in the Northland and other parts of Kansas City that are predominately suburban.
Congressional representation
Kansas City is represented by two members of the United States House of Representatives:
Missouri
- Missouri's 5th congressional district – all of Kansas City proper in Jackson County plus Independence and portions of Cass County. Currently represented by Emanuel Cleaver (Democrat)
- Missouri's 6th congressional district – all of Kansas City proper north of the Missouri River and plus suburbs in eastern Jackson County beyond Independence and a vast stretch of suburbs and rural areas extending all the way to the Iowa border and more than 100 miles. Currently represented by Sam Graves (Republican)
Crime
As of October 30, 2006, Kansas City ranks as twenty first highest amount of crime in the United States, as reported by the FBI. 25 Safest Cities www.morganquinto.com Accessed Nov. 2006
Kansas City ranked sixth in rate of murders in the 2006
United States cities by crime rate for cities with populations more than 400,000. The entire Kansas City metropolitan area has the fourth worst violent crime rate among cities with more than 100,000 with a rate of 614.7 crimes per 100,000 residents. Kansas City Star September 26, 2006 "FBI crime data paint grim portrait" of KC by Kevin Collinson
Much of the city's murders and violent crimes occur in the city's
inner city. The violent crime rates in the core have consistently driven the city and metropolitan area down on "livability" indexes, hindering initiatives in the
1970s,
1980s and
1990s to revive downtown Kansas City. In the 2000s attempts at revitalizing the downtown area have been more successful. Kansas City Area Development Council Downtown currently has one of the lowest crime rates in the urban core, and thousands more people have moved to this area. Other parts of the urban core with higher poverty levels remain places where crime is unabated.
Most of the crime has stemmed from recent gang wars in Kansas City that started in 2004 when local rappers Mac Dre and Fat Tone were killed. Mac Dre was allegedly killed by a local gang while returning to his hotel after a concert. Fat Tone was then killed in Las Vegas in retaliation for
Mac Dre's death. Since their deaths, Kansas City has experienced local gang wars, which has involved some of the prominent local gangs. Police recently announced they had found the sources of a lot of the fighting and were concentrating their efforts on certain individuals and neighborhoods. Some of the recent homicide/shooting suspects had been caught before by the police for other homicides, but had to be released after the witnesses were either harmed or threatened. Police were hoping that they can possibly put an end to the gang violence and wars that have been the cause of most of the city's crime rate problems. The police increased pressure on gangs in 2007, capturing major and minor gang figures.
Some of the earliest violence in Kansas City erupted during the bloody American Civil War. Shortly after its founding in 1853, the
Bleeding Kansas incidents erupted affecting border ruffians and Jayhawkers who both lived in the city. During the war, Union troops General Order № 11 (1863) in Jackson County south of Brush Creek and east of Blue Creek to Independence in an attempt to halt raids into Kansas.
After the war, the Kansas City Times turned Jesse James (outlaw) into a folk hero in its coverage. James was born in the metro area at Kearney, Missouri and robbed the Kansas City Fairgrounds at 12th and Campbell.
In the early 20th Century under "Boss" Tom Pendergast, Kansas City became the country's "most wide open town", with virtually no enforcement of liquor laws or hours. While this would give rise to Kansas City Jazz, it also led to the rise of the Kansas City mob (initially under Johnny Lazia) as well as the arrival of gangsters. The 1930s saw the
Kansas City Massacre at Union Station (Kansas City), as well as a shootout between police and outlaws Bonnie and Clyde at the
Red Crown Tavern near what is now
Kansas City International Airport.
In the 1970s, the Kansas City mob was involved in a gangland war over control of the
River Quay entertainment district in which three buildings were bombed and several gangsters were killed. Police investigations into the mob took hold after boss
Nick Civella was recorded discussing gambling bets on Super Bowl IV (where the Kansas City Chiefs defeated Minnesota). The war and investigation would lead to the end of mob control of the Stardust Casino, which was the basis for the movie
Casino (movie) (although the Kansas City connections are minimized in the movie).
Sister cities
that is pointing in the direction of Seville.
- Tainan City, Republic of China
- Seville, Spain
- Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Freetown, Sierra Leone
- Ramla, Israel
- Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico
- Kurashiki, Japan
- Metz, France
- Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Arusha, Tanzania
- Morelia, Mexico
Transportation
First, it was at the confluence of the Missouri River and Kansas River and the launching pointing for travelers on the Santa Fe Trail, Oregon Trail, and
California Trail trails. Then with the construction of the
Hannibal Bridge across the
Missouri River it became the central location for 11 trunk railroads. More rail traffic in terms of tonnage still passes through the city than any other city in the country.
TWA located its headquarters in the city and had ambitious plans to turn the city into an air hub for the world.
Missouri and Kansas were the first states to start building interstates with
Interstate 70. An ever increasing number of interstate loops has encouraged suburban sprawl.
Interstate 435, which encircles the entire city, is the second longest beltway in the nation. Today, Kansas City and its metropolitan area has more miles of highway per person than any other city in the United States.
Airports
Kansas City International Airport was built to the specifications of TWA to make a world hub for the supersonic transport and
Boeing 747. Its passenger friendly design in which its gates were 100 feet from the street has, since the September 11, 2001 attacks, required a costly overhaul to retrofit it to incorporate elements of a more conventional security system. Recent proposals have suggested replacing the three terminals with a new single terminal situated south of the existing runways, thus allowing the airport to operate during construction and to shave miles off of the travel time from downtown and the southern suburbs. The airport is completely supported by user fees and receives no general fund support for operations.
Charles B. Wheeler Downtown Airport was the original headquarters of Trans World Airlines and houses the Airline History Museum. It is still used for general aviation and airshows.
Mass transit
Like most American cities, Kansas City's mass transit system was originally rail-based. An electric
tram network that ran through the city until 1957. The rapid sprawl in the following years lead to this privately-run system to be shut down. The Kansas City Area Transportation Authority (KCATA) was formed with the signing of a Bi-State compact created by the Missouri and Kansas legislatures on December 28, 1965. The compact gives the KCATA responsibility for planning, construction, owning and operating passenger transportation systems and facilities within the seven-county Kansas City metropolitan area. These include the counties of Cass, Clay, Jackson and Platte in Missouri, and Johnson, Leavenworth and Wyandotte in Kansas. The KCATA is governed by a 10-member Board of Commissioners, five from the state of Kansas and five from the state of Missouri.
The KCATA offers customers three types of service in the Kansas City area: 1) Fixed-route service along 75 routes 2) Share-A-Fare Paratransit service for the elderly and persons with disabilities 3) MetroFlex service which offers a combination of fixed-route and demand-response.
The base fare is $1.25 one-way, with a variety of passes available. On predicted Ozone Alert! Days from June 1 through September 30, the fare is $.50.
A light rail petition initiative was approved by voters in November 2006. The KCATA is currently conducting a federally mandated Alternatives Analysis study in an effort to gain federal funding toward a 12-mile starter system. The complete system is planned to run from the Kansas City Zoo north through downtown stopping at Union Station, the newly built Sprint Center and others. It will continue north across the Missouri River stopping at Zona Rosa and terminating at the Kansas City International Airport.
Bus rapid transit
In July 2005, the Kansas City Area Transportation Authority (KCATA) launched Kansas City’s first Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) line called "MAX" (Metro Area Express). MAX links the vibrant River Market, Downtown, Union Station, Crown Center and the Country Club Plaza. This corridor boasts over 150,000 jobs, as well as some of the area’s most prestigious real estate and treasured cultural amenities.
This $21 million project was the region’s most significant public transportation improvement in decades, providing quicker and more convenient service than the local bus routes. MAX is the spine for future transit expansions and a key component of the region’s long-range transit vision, Smart Moves.
By design, MAX operates and is marketed more like a rail system than a local bus line. A unique identity was created for MAX, including 13 modern diesel buses and easily identifiable “stations". MAX features state-of-the-art technology to deliver customers a high level of reliability, speed and comfort. Dedicated lanes during rush hour help give MAX a rapid, smooth ride, and special traffic signalization holds a green light longer, only if needed, to keep MAX on schedule. Limited stops resulted in reduced travel time between Downtown and the Plaza to about 10 minutes.
MAX has successfully attracted new riders who had not tried transit in Kansas City previously. In fact, 27% of MAX riders indicate they had not ridden transit prior to MAX and a full 77% say that as a result of their experience on MAX, they will now use other Metro routes more often. An average of 5,000 riders use the MAX line daily. It is augmented by the #57 local route, which shares most of the same stops.
The second MAX line is in the design phase and will launch in the Troost Avenue corridor in 2009. It will augment the #25 route, which has an average of 7,500 riders daily.
MAX runs seven days a week from 5am to 1am. During rush hour periods, the buses make stops about every 10 minutes. The one-way fare is $1.25.
Light rail
- Kansas City does not currently have a Subway (rail) or light rail system, and several proposals to build one have been rejected by voters in the past. However, the city is currently in the development phase of a starter light rail system. On November 7, 2006, Kansas City voters narrowly approved a ballot initiative brought forward byClay Chastain from Virginia, proposing a city-wide light rail system paid for by a 3/8-cent sales tax that currently funds 40% of Kansas City’s bus system. That sales tax, which will expire April 2009, would have been bought to voter for renewal, but the citizen petition for light rail occurred before this could happen. The initiative requires a 27-mile light rail line running from the Kansas City Zoo, through the city’s urban core, and out to Kansas City International Airport. In addition to the light rail system, the initiative requires a gondola system that will link Kansas City’s Union Station with the Liberty Memorial, the purchase of 60 hybrid electric busses and the removal of street access through Penn Valley Park, adjacent to the Liberty Memorial. The KCATA estimates that to build the entire light rail system as written will cost between $1.4 and $1.6 billion. The original price tag presented to voters for the line was just below $800 million.
- In August of 2007, it was announced by the KCATA that an Alternatives Analysis study of the voter-approved light rail plan had a $415 million funding shortfall, even if the federal government paid half of planned construction costs. This study also revealed that the November 2006 plan had technical problems including issues with bridges, steep inclines, and sharp turns beyond typical tolerances. Currently, a citizens’ petition seeking a repeal of the November 2006 initiative is making its way through the City Council. It is expected on the ballot for voters in February 2008. Should the November 2006 initiative be overturned, Chastain has stated that he would seek legal recourse against the city.
The KCATA will have its Alternatives Analysis complete in Spring 2008, at which time a recommended alternative will be presented.
Trolley/Streetcars
- Kansas City has a long history with streetcars and trolleys. From 1870-1957 Kansas City's streetcar system was among the top in the country, with over 300 miles of track at its peak. Following the decision to scrap the system, many of its former streetcars have been serving other American cities for a long time. In 2007, ideas and plans arose to add normal trolley lines, as well as possibly fast streetcars to the city's Downtown for the first time in decades. These proposals are being seen as possible first steps in implemented a larger mass transit network, that would include light rail.
Culture
Ethnic Culture
There is a large community of
Irish American in Kansas City which numbers around 250,000. The Irish Community includes a large number of bands, including Kansas City's own
The Elders, multiple newspapers, the numerous Irish stores, including Browne's Irish Market, the oldest Irish owned business in
North America, and the
Irish Museum and Cultural Center is the new center of the community. The first book that detailed the history of the Irish in Kansas City was Missouri Irish, Irish Settlers on the American Frontier, published in 1984. The first podcast on the history of the Irish in Kansas City appeared in 2006, under the title of 'Missouri Irish'. It is also of some note that the leading publisher of Irish f
Kansas City, Missouri - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kansas City is the largest city in the state of Missouri. It encompasses 318 square miles (820 km²) in parts of Jackson, Clay, Cass, and Platte counties.
Kansas City Metropolitan Area - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Kansas City Metropolitan Area is a fifteen county metropolitan area that is anchored by Kansas City, Missouri straddling the border between the states of Missouri and Kansas.
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